# Advancing Environmental Sustainability through Smart IoT Systems - Savonia AMK

> In the face of growing environmental challenges and the urgent need for sustainable solutions, integrating technology with agriculture has gained substantial attention.

## Overview
This report explores the development and implementation of a smart, automated water irrigation system utilizing modern tools and components, including the Arduino Uno, ESP8266, DHT22 sensor, capacitance soil moisture sensor, LED grow light, and 12V DC water pump. The system facilitates efficient irrigation and aligns with climate change mitigation and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

## Environmental and Sustainability Benefits
The implications of this smart irrigation system extend beyond efficiency gains, addressing critical environmental concerns:

*   **Water Conservation:** By using sensors and data analytics to determine optimal irrigation schedules based on real-time weather, soil moisture, and plant needs, the system prevents overwatering and reduces water wastage.
*   **Energy Efficiency:** The system can be powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
*   **Reduced Runoff and Erosion:** Precision irrigation ensures water is applied directly to plant roots, minimizing excessive runoff that carries sediment and pollutants into water bodies.

## Alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The system supports several key SDGs:

*   **SDG 2 (Zero Hunger):** Enhances agricultural productivity and crop yields, improving food security and farmer income.
*   **SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation):** Promotes responsible water usage and reduces wastage, preserving resources for agricultural and domestic needs.
*   **SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure):** Advances the application of cutting-edge technology in the agricultural sector.
*   **SDG 13 (Climate Action):** Mitigates water wastage and reduces carbon footprints, contributing to climate resilience.
*   **SDG 15 (Life on Land):** Aids in sustainable land management by preventing soil erosion and promoting healthy soil structure.

## System Architecture and Components
The system is built around the following core components:
*   **Arduino Uno:** The central control unit.
*   **Relay:** Controls the 12V DC water pump based on moisture levels.
*   **Capacitance Soil Moisture Sensor:** Detects soil moisture levels.
*   **DHT22 Sensor:** Monitors temperature and humidity.
*   **LED Grow Light:** Powered by a 12V battery to simulate sunlight.
*   **ESP-01s Module:** Transmits sensor data to the ThingsBoard web application and mobile app for real-time monitoring and data visualization.

## Documentation and Resources
*   **Figure 1:** System Components (a) Water motor, b) DHT 22 Sensor, c) Moisture Sensor, d) Relay)
*   **Figure 2:** Circuit diagram for the proposed system
*   **Figure 3:** Experimental setup with Arduino Uno and Connection
*   **Figure 4:** Data visualized on the serial monitor
*   **Video Demonstration:** [Smart Irrigation using Arduino Uno and relay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugmst3bKk0E)

## Authors
*   **Kelvin C Aliche:** kelvin.aliche@edu.savonia.fi
*   **Rajeev Kanth:** rajeev.kanth@savonia.fi