# Cultural Diversity can be considered through 6 dimensions of the national culture

> The article is a continuation in the SAIS project’s article collection. Teachers reflect on the cultural dimensions.

## Project Background
This article continues the series of publications describing the Erasmus+ Global project between Savonia University of Applied Sciences and the Instituto Superior de Ciências de Saúde (ISCISA). Teachers from both institutions collaborated for two weeks in Maputo, focusing on radiology, mental health, and substance abuse nursing. The exchange aimed to support students and teachers preparing for international mobility by exploring the significance of cultural dimensions and diversity in both Finland and Mozambique.

## Understanding Cultural Dimensions
Geert Hofstede defined six cultural dimensions to describe the average value system of different countries. While these dimensions serve as a tool to understand diverse behaviors and approaches, it is essential to recognize that individuals are not defined solely by national averages; each person possesses a unique life history and set of experiences. This article focuses on two specific dimensions: "Long Term Orientation" and "Individualism."

## Long Term Orientation
*   **Finland (Score: 65):** Finland represents a pragmatic, long-term oriented culture. The fundamental view is that the world is constantly changing, necessitating ongoing preparation for the future. Finnish people plan ahead for careers, retirement, and family needs, while prioritizing budgeting, insurance, and saving.
*   **Mozambique (Score: 11):** An extremely low score indicates a normative culture with a strong concern for establishing absolute truth. There is a high respect for tradition, a focus on quick results, and a lower propensity to prepare for the future. In contexts of poverty, war, or natural disasters, people often live in the present moment because the future is uncertain.

## Individualism vs. Collectivism
*   **Individualism (Finland, Score: 75):** Finland is an individualistic society characterized by a loosely knit social framework where individuals are expected to care for themselves and their immediate families. This manifests as a need for personal space and, in healthcare, as patient-centered care where the individual participates in decision-making and understands their rights.
*   **Collectivism (Mozambique, Low Score):** Mozambique is a collectivist society defined by long-term commitment to a group, such as an extended family or community. Loyalty is fundamental, and individuals feel a sense of responsibility toward others. Roles are often socially determined by the larger community context. This collectivist approach is common in approximately 70% of the world, including most African countries, where social ties are strengthened through neighborhood, friendship, and professional networks.

## Practical Reflections
During the two-week visit to Mozambique, the Finnish teachers experienced rapidly changing plans due to local political instability, strikes, and protests. This environment challenged the Finnish preference for long-term planning and provided a practical lesson in the necessity of living in the moment. Conversely, the team at ISCISA demonstrated the warmth and collective support inherent in their culture, making the visitors feel welcome despite the external challenges.

## Conclusion
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions provide a valuable framework for provoking thought and understanding differences. However, culture is not static and continues to evolve. Ultimately, while these tools offer insight into national trends, every person should be recognized as a unique individual rather than merely a representative of their culture.

## Authors
*   **Sanna Heiskanen**, Senior Lecturer, MSc, RN. Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health care, sanna.heiskanen@savonia.fi
*   **Kaija Laitinen**, Senior Lecturer, MSc, HMS. Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health care, kaija.laitinen@savonia.fi
*   **Leonel Monjane**, Senior Lecturer, MSs, BT. Instituto Superior de Ciências de Saúde, Area das Ciências de Diagnóstico, leonelfidalgomonjane@gmail.com

## References
*   Geert Hofstede. n.d. The 6-D model of national culture. Website. Accessed October 30, 2024. [https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/](https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/)
*   The Culture Factor Group. n.d. Country comparison tool. Website. Accessed October 30, 2024. [https://www.theculturefactor.com/country-comparison-tool](https://www.theculturefactor.com/country-comparison-tool)