# Utilization of Tacit Knowledge in Planning Sales and Marketing Courses - Savonia AMK

> Tacit knowledge in teaching is accumulated over the years by working, in which case the competence formed is based on experience and can be seen as comprehensive and professional competence as broader knowledge.

## Understanding Tacit Knowledge in Teaching
Tacit knowledge in teaching is accumulated over the years through work experience, forming a comprehensive and professional competence. A key component of this is pedagogical understanding—the ability to observe student reactions and cues in real-time and adjust teaching methods accordingly. This allows teachers to make rapid, curriculum-aligned changes to course content to ensure desired student engagement.

## Research and Theoretical Framework
The utilization of tacit knowledge is a significant success factor in education. Research highlights several key drivers for effective knowledge transfer:
* **Organizational Environment:** Clear models, a supportive atmosphere, organizational trust, leadership, culture, and structures are essential (Castellani et al., 2021; Al-Kurdi et al., 2018).
* **Collaboration:** Knowledge sharing between teachers fosters innovation, keeps skills up-to-date, and builds resilience to change (Asbari et al., 2019).
* **Visibility:** Making knowledge visible—either through documentation or direct teacher-to-teacher transfer—is critical (Kuiri, 2022).
* **Structured Processes:** Defining clear operating models for knowledge transfer within academic year planning is vital.

## Practical Application at Savonia UAS
Kuiri’s (2022) study, conducted with sales and marketing teachers at Savonia University of Applied Sciences, focused on defining guidelines for tacit information transfer. The study concluded that team-based work and facilitated sessions are highly effective. 

Recommended methods for facilitating these workshops include:
* Brainstorming methods
* The Learning Cafe method

These methods require preparation, including pre-defined meeting times and designated facilitators. Based on these findings, the Bachelor of Business Administration team at Savonia University of Applied Sciences has integrated the transfer of tacit information into their planning process for the 2023-2024 academic year.

**Author:** Tiina Kuiri, Savonia UAS

## Citations and References
* Asbari, M., Mayesti, W.L, Choi, C.H., Purwanto, A. & Priyono, B.S. (2019). Effect of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Sharing on Teacher Innovation Capability. Dinamika Pendidikan 14 (2) (2019) 227–243. DOI: 10.15294/dp.v14i2.22732
* Al-Kurdi, O., El-Haddadeh, R. & Eldabi, T. (2018). Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions: a systematic review. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. ISSN: 1741-0398. https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1741-0398
* Castellani, P., Rosatto, C., Giaretta, E. & Davide, R. (2021). Tacit knowledge sharing in knowledge-intensive firms: the perceptions of team members and team leaders. Rev Manag Sci 15, 125–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00368-x
* Eshchar-Netz, L. & Vedder-Weiss, D. (2020). Teacher learning in communities of practice: The affordances of co-planning for novice and veteran teachers’ learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. DOI: 10.1002/tea.21663
* Kuiri, T. (2022). Hiljaisen tiedon hyödyntäminen opintojaksojen suunnittelussa (Master’s thesis, Savonia University of Applied Sciences). Retrieved from https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202301131256
* Ojasalo, K., Moilanen, T. & Ritakoski, J. (2015). Kehittämistyön menetelmät. Uudenlaista osaamista liiketoimintaan. Helsinki: Sanoma Pro Oy. Retrieved from https://www.ellibslibrary.com/book/978-952-63-2695-5.
* Pohjalainen, M. (2012). Hiljaisen tiedon käsite ja hiljaisen tiedon tutkimus: katsaus viimeaikaiseen kehitykseen. Informaatiotutkimus, 31(3). Retrieved from https://journal.fi/inf/article/view/7079
* Salonen, E. (2017). Intuitio ja tunteet johtamisen ytimessä. Helsinki: Alma Talent. Retrived from https://savonia.finna.fi/Record/savonia.994518166406248
* Toom, A. (2019). Tacit Knowledge in Teacher Education. In: Peters, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Teacher Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_177-1
* Vilkka, H. (2021). Tutki ja Kehitä. Jyväskylä: PS-kustannus. Retrieved from https://www.ellibslibrary.com/reader/9789523701731